Deggans' Rule (aka Race Bechdel Test): At least two nonwhite human characters appear in a story where race is not a central theme.This same sort of detachment can also be applied to other forms of marginalization such as race, disability, mental illness, and other issues, and has led people to create variations of the test that apply to those forms of marginalization, or reinterpret the original idea in new ways. When there are so many examples that fail, and female characters often spend all their time talking about the men in their lives, women who aren't attracted to men can feel justifiably disconnected and underrepresented. While generally taken as a feminist concept, part of Bechdel's original point was about how lesbian women specifically feel isolated from popular media. What's a problem is that so many movies fail the test, creating a pattern which says uncomfortable things about the way Hollywood handles gender.Īs a phenomenon, the idea of the Bechdel Test has spread far and wide beyond Bechdel's original point and some of the context surrounding it has become lost and misunderstood. A fair number of top-notch works have legitimate reasons for including no women, such as being set in a warzone. The protagonist starts out in an environment where women are valued only for their ability to get a man and produce babies, and then moves into an environment where there are no other women at all because it's not allowed.
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Disney's Mulan shows that a film can even fail the test for the same reasons why it has strong feminist themes: the movie discusses sexism (and overcoming it), and thus is set in a world too sexist for it to pass the test. Indeed, there are films with female protagonists that fail it, such as the 2013 movie Gravity, a movie about a female astronaut attempting to survive a disaster in space, in which there are only two major characters, one female and one male. There's nothing necessarily wrong with any film flunking the Bechdel Test. In fact, the original example of a movie that passes is Alien, which, while it has unintentional feminist subtexts, is mostly just a sci-fi/action/horror flick. For instance, Manos: The Hands of Fate (Manos's wives discuss whether or not to spare the female protagonists so they can also be wives), The Bikini Carwash Company and Showgirls, films whose treatment of women range from incredibly squicky to tasteless fanservice, have passed the test. It is entirely possible for a film to pass without having pro-feminist themes, or even characterizing women positively. Nor is it designed as a judgment on the artistic quality of the work - good movies can fail the Bechdel Test, and bad movies can pass. This is because the Bechdel Test is not meant as a moral or ethical judgment on the quality of female characters in a work. There is also the problem with politics, and whether talking about a male politician counts or not. note An addendum some claim is that marriage, babies, or romance are indirectly about men and therefore also fail, whereas some point out there is a big difference between "Isn't married life hard/wonderful!" & "Babies are so cute, I wish I had one!" on the one hand, and "OK, so I think this is how we should go about the Madison property settlement" & "Don't give that medicine to the baby, it'll kill her!" on the other.
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The test is named for Alison Bechdel, creator of the comic strip Dykes to Watch Out For, who made it known to the world with this strip. The Bechdel Test note AKA Bechdel-Wallace Test, or the Mo Movie Measure named after Mo, the main character of Dykes to Watch Out For, even though it was introduced in a one-off strip before Mo was introduced is a litmus test for female presence in fictional media.